Essential
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cd - change directory
ls - list directory contents
cp - copy file
mv - move file/rename file
man - show documentation on a command
du - size of directory/file
grep - retrieve text in filecat - print file to screen
tail - print last 10 lines of a file to screen
ln - create a link
tar - pack/unpack archive of a file or directory
ps - list running processes
netstat - show network information
kill, killall - stop a processes

Good To Know
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sed - string manipulation (insert, delete, find/replace)
top - show memory/cpu usage
df - hard disk usage
screen - create virtual terminals
vim - text editor
diff - compare two files